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The baboon’s entire body is the calculator. How exactly does a baboon calculate probabilities? The twenty-first century will be dominated by algorithms.Īn algorithm is a methodical set of steps that can be used to make calculations, resolve problems and reach decisions. For emotions are not a uniquely human quality. The relationship between humans and animals is the best model we have for future relations between superhumans and humans.Īttributing emotions to pigs doesn’t humanise them. If we act wisely, we can change that world, and create a much better one.’ Only a string of chance events created the unjust world we know today. The new history will explain that ‘our present situation is neither natural nor eternal. Movements seeking to change the world often begin by rewriting history, thereby enabling people to reimagine the future. Studying history aims to loosen the grip of the past. We seldom try to shake ourselves free, and envision alternative futures. We take our reality for granted, thinking it is natural, inevitable and immutable.
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The study of history aims above all to make us aware of possibilities we don’t normally consider. Knowledge that does not change behaviour is useless. For what is the point of running after something that disappears as fast as it arises? When the mind learns to see our sensations for what they are – ephemeral and meaningless vibrations – we lose interest in pursuing them. We can train our minds to observe carefully how all sensations constantly arise and pass. Nobody would have wanted to climb mountains, play video games or go on blind dates if such activities were accompanied solely by unpleasant sensations. When an animal is looking for something that increases its chances of survival and reproduction (e.g., food, partners or social status), the brain produces sensations of alertness and excitement, which drive the animal to make even greater efforts because they are so very agreeable. People are made happy by one thing and one thing only – pleasant sensations in their bodies. Nobody is ever made happy by getting a promotion, winning the lottery or even finding true love. The only thing that makes people miserable is unpleasant sensations in their own bodies. We never react to events in the outside world, but only to sensations in our own bodies. Happiness is nothing but pleasure and freedom from pain.īeyond pleasure and pain there is no good and no evil.
#YUVAL NOAH HARARI HOMO DEUS FULL#
Its great achievement has been to save us from premature death, and allow us to enjoy the full measure of our years.Īrtistic creativity, is fuelled by the fear of death. Modern medicine hasn’t extended our natural life span. It is hard to believe in immortality and be proven wrong. Just try to imagine them in a world without death – which is also a world without heaven, hell or reincarnation.
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By themselves, terrorists are weak.īecause religions insisted that the meaning of our existence depended on our fate in the afterlife, they were consequently quite tolerant of death. Instead they enraged the USA by the 9/11 attacks, and the USA destroyed the Middle Eastern china shop for them. Islamic fundamentalists could never have toppled Saddam Hussein by themselves. Terrorists are like a fly that tries to destroy a china shop. In most cases, this overreaction to terrorism poses a far greater threat to our security than the terrorists themselves. Consequently states often feel obliged to react to the theatre of terrorism with a show of security, orchestrating immense displays of force, such as the persecution of entire populations or the invasion of foreign countries. Terrorists stage a terrifying spectacle of violence that captures our imagination and makes us feel as if we are sliding back into medieval chaos. Terrorists provoke their enemies to overreact. Hence as knowledge became the most important economic resource, the profitability of war declined and wars became increasingly restricted to those parts of the world – such as the Middle East and Central Africa – where the economies are still old-fashioned material-based economies. And whereas you can conquer oil fields through war, you cannot acquire knowledge that way. Today the main source of wealth is knowledge. If people in Syria, Sudan or Somalia starve to death, it is because some politician wants them to.
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There are no longer natural famines in the world there are only political famines. More people commit suicide than are killed by soldiers, terrorists and criminals combined. More people die today from eating too much than from eating too little. Seems detached, but is quite opinionated. Anti-religion, anti-humanism, pro-animal. Very interesting alternative perspective on life from a historian. Go to the Amazon page for details and reviews.